The greatest challenge is stating the problem in a way that will allow a solution.

Tuesday, November 25, 2025

Your brain isn’t ‘adult’ until 32, study says.


 

GROK:
Summarize the main points on this page

Here are the key takeaways from the page you’re viewing:

🧠 Main Findings

  • The brain develops through five distinct phases marked by turning points at ages 9, 32, 66, and 83.

  • These phases were identified by analyzing brain scans of about 3,800 people aged 0–90.

📊 Developmental Stages

  • Infancy to ~9 years: Rapid growth of grey and white matter, billions of new neural connections formed, inactive ones pruned.

  • Adolescence (up to 32): White matter growth and more efficient neural connections; this period lasts longer than previously thought.

  • Adulthood (~32–66): Brain structure stabilizes, considered the “strongest turning point.”

  • Early ageing (~66): White matter begins to degrade, reducing connectivity; linked to higher risk of conditions like hypertension.

  • Late ageing (~83+): Connectivity declines further, with the brain relying more on certain regions (though data is limited).

🔍 Implications

  • Findings may help explain childhood learning difficulties and age-related conditions like dementia.

  • Could improve understanding of how attention, language, memory, and behavior are affected at different life stages.

Would you like me to create a visual timeline chart of these five phases so you can see the progression more clearly?

Here’s the timeline visualization you asked for — it maps out the five major phases of brain development across the human lifespan:



'

🧠 What the Chart Shows

  • Infancy to ~9 years: Rapid growth of grey and white matter, billions of new neural connections formed, inactive ones pruned.

  • Adolescence (~9–32 years): White matter growth, more efficient connections across the nervous system.

  • Adulthood (~32–66 years): Brain structure stabilizes — the strongest turning point in development.

  • Early ageing (~66–83 years): White matter begins to degrade, reducing connectivity and increasing vulnerability to health conditions.

  • Late ageing (~83+ years): Connectivity declines further, with the brain relying more heavily on certain regions.

This timeline makes it easier to see how the brain’s wiring evolves, stabilizes, and eventually declines, highlighting why different life stages are linked to unique cognitive strengths and vulnerabilities.

Would you like me to also add examples of cognitive abilities or risks that are most prominent in each phase (like learning capacity in childhood or dementia risk in late ageing)?


Your brain isn’t ‘adult’ until 32, study says. These are the 5 major phases from birth to old age

Story by Gabriela Galvin
 • 13h • 
3 min read
 

Your brain isn’t ‘adult’ until 32, study says. These are the 5 major phases from birth to old age


What age do humans reach their mental peak?

 


But as researchers continue to investigate the mysteries of our ageing minds, one thing’s for certain: there’s reason to feel optimistic. Contrary to the messaging that we’re “past it” at a certain number, this latest study is further proof that we’re sharper than we realise.

As Gignac summarises, “age alone, then, doesn’t determine overall cognitive functioning. So evaluations and assessments should focus on individuals’ actual abilities and traits rather than age-based assumptions”.

What age do humans reach their mental peak? It’s not as old as you think https://www.euronews.com/health/2025/10/26/what-age-do-humans-reach-their-mental-peak-its-not-as-old-as-you-think
GROK:
Quote
Robert David Lewis
@RobertLewis7477
What age do humans reach their mental peak? It’s not as old as you think euronews.com/health/2025/10
Fetching thread on X
Browsing web page
1 result
  • The X post shares a Euronews article highlighting a study in the journal Intelligence that places peak human mental functioning between ages 55 and 60, based on analysis of 16 psychological traits like reasoning, memory, and personality factors.
  • Led by researcher Gilles Gignac, the study used existing datasets to show declines starting around 65, with traits like conscientiousness peaking at 65 and emotional stability at 75, balancing some age-related cognitive losses through gains in judgment.
  • While the findings challenge early-20s peak narratives, a 2020 PNAS study on chess players indicates domain-specific peaks around 35-40, suggesting mental prime varies by activity type.


Monday, November 3, 2025

Dirty Pictures | Full Documentary | Alexander Shulgin | Ann Shulgin | Ted Shulgin | Bob Seager

 




Dirty Pictures | Full Documentary | Alexander Shulgin | Ann Shulgin | Ted Shulgin | Bob Seager

https://youtu.be/aZLkAMDO5dI


 
Explore the mind of Alexander Shulgin, the genius behind MDMA's synthesis, more commonly known as Ecstasy. This riveting documentary dives into the heart of psychedelic research, merging chemistry, neuroscience, and philosophy to question the untapped potentials of the human mind.

2010 American Documentary: Psychedelic Science Unveiled

The film presents an intimate look at Alexander Shulgin's pioneering work, his synthesis of over 200 psychedelic compounds, including MDMA, and his profound influence on psychoactive drug research. The narrative is enriched by contributions from Ann and Ted Shulgin, continuing the family's legacy in exploring psychedelic substances, with additional insights from experts like pharmacologist William Fantegrossi. 

Directed by Etienne Sauret, this documentary not only celebrates Shulgin's scientific achievements but also navigates the complexities of his role as a controversial figure in the realm of psychedelic studies. Nominated for the 2010 SXSW Grand Jury Award in Documentary Feature, 'Dirty Pictures' offers a rare glimpse into Shulgin's laboratory and his challenges, underscoring the documentary's deep exploration of science, society, and the quest for understanding the human psyche.

This documentary is a must-watch for anyone fascinated by the intersection of science and consciousness, offering an unparalleled insight into the life and work of one of the most influential figures in psychedelic research.

The controversy surrounding psychedelic scientific research hinges on a delicate balance between groundbreaking potential and societal apprehension. At the heart of this debate is the transformative power of psychedelics to alter human consciousness, offering unprecedented insights into the mind, potential therapeutic applications for mental health conditions, and a deeper understanding of our cognitive processes. However, this exploration comes with challenges, notably the stigma and legal constraints rooted in decades of prohibition and negative public perception. 

Director: Etienne Sauret
Stars: Alexander Shulgin, Ann Shulgin, Ted Shulgin, Bob Seager, David Nichols, William Fantegrossi.



Sunday, October 19, 2025

Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs

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Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs are reshaping our bodies, but also our society. They may even help to treat major diseases once thought incurable. 

The Ozempic Effect: Beyond the Waistline shows how the fashion industry will have to alter itself as body sizes shrink; how food and alcohol industries face existential threats as consumption patterns change; and cosmetic dilemmas like “Ozempic Face and Butt” highlight the unintended consequences of rapid weight loss. 

But the story doesn’t end there. In a surprising turn, early research suggests these drugs may also help alleviate the effects of dementia, cancer, heart and liver disease, and even arthritis — opening the door to a radically new chapter in medicine.

The Ozempic Effect: Beyond the Waistline (2025)
Directed by: Paul Kemp

https://youtu.be/jo7t7blKfzg


Sunday, September 21, 2025

Jimmy Kimmel in NYT's: How Outrage at Kimmel Grew to a Shout From a Whisper

 

How Outrage at Kimmel Grew to a Shout From a Whisper

Right-wing users on social media on Tuesday were frustrated but not yet apoplectic about Jimmy Kimmel’s monologue. Things changed.

The Algorithms were manipulated to destroy Kimmel. Similar to the Rohingyas of Myanmar who suffered a genocide driven by Facebook alogorithms, according to Yuval Harari in his book Nexus. 

"With algorithms increasingly curating the information we see, the power to control information becomes, in essence, the power to control the world. Harari asks readers to consider who controls these algorithms and who decides what information is amplified or lost in the noise. The decisions made by AI systems are not neutral, but they have real world consequences that shape our perceptions of reality."

"One of Harari's most chilling examples is the 2017 Rohingya massacre in Myanmar. This tragedy, fueled by AI algorithms on social media platforms, showed the dark side of information curation. Facebook's algorithms, designed to increase engagement by promoting emotionally charged content, contributed to the spread of hate speech. Harari highlights this as an example of AI's autonomy; while the goals may have been set by engineers, the algorithms made their own decisions on how to achieve these goals, with catastrophic consequences."

"In the digital age, where AI systems make decisions based on patterns, data, and probabilities, humans are no longer the sole actors in shaping information and reality. Instead, we are part of a complex web of interactions where machines play a central role in determining what we see, believe, and do. And Harari believes that this shift is deeply unsettling because it raises fundamental questions about autonomy, free will, and ethics. As such, Harari urges us to be mindful of what we are creating. The evolution of information is inevitable, but its consequences are still within our grasp. Nexus is a call to remember that in the sea of information, our humanity must remain our guiding light."


https://www.thedailystar.net/books-literature/news/unravelling-yuval-noah-hararis-nexus-3742871

Nexus is very well summarized here:

Yuval Noah Harari
Nexus: A Brief History of Information Networks from the Stone Age to AI
Nonfiction | Book | Adult | Published in 2024

https://www.supersummary.com/nexus/summary/


How misinformation spreads by exploiting online outrage.


“Mean tweets are great,” he wrote on X. “But they can be ignored. What can’t be ignored are your paying customers organizing against you and FCC investigations. That is exactly what we did.”

Stuart A. Thompson writes about how false and misleading information spreads online and how it affects people around the world. He focuses on misinformation, disinformation and other misleading content.


https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/19/technology/kimmel-carr-outrage-online.html




Friday, September 19, 2025

Gary Kazparov on Autocrats



 Dictators tend to lie about what they are doing. But they very often tell the truth about what they are planning to do.

- Gary Kazparov